Concept of Leading and Managing Change

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TASK 1

P1 Comparison of Firms Where Changes Have Impacted Organizational Strategy and Operation

Sports Direct Rescues Jack Wills:

Mike Ashely is the owner of Sports Direct and has brought a fashion firm, which is Jack Wills. It has 1700 workers at 100 stores who are providing products and services to people, which makes them happy. It has six franchises, including Middle East. After bringing about changes in their organization, Jack will become a part of a new division within Sports Direct, which helps to expand the fashion and sports brands despite financial struggles. Different types of strategies and policies are modified by them, which helps to deliver the best quality of products and services (Fragouli and Ibidapo, 2015).

House of Fraser

This is also being run by Mike Ashley by investing millions of pounds in turning up to seven of seven of House of Fraser's, that has more than 50 stores in a new mini luxury chain called Fraser. After taking changes in their process and quality of product, it has become a leading organisation that caters to a larger mass market audience (Fyke and Buzzanell, 2013).

In business environment, there are many changes which need to be taken in order to increase the operation and business performance by accepting challenges. Business is started from small level and becomes large after making efforts and bringing changes in their organization, which helps to increase profitability (Goldscheider, Bernhardt and Lappegård, 2015). 

TASK 2

P2. Evaluation of Ways in Which Internal and External Drivers of Change Affect Leadership, Team and Individual Behaviours

In business environment, there are many factors, such as internal and external drivers, which affect the leadership, individual behaviour and team by changing the process. Thus, it is important for business to focus on such factors, which helps to improve production effectively. Such as in case of Sports Direct, Jack Wills has planned to improve the business performance by investing more in fashion and merging with Jack Will, which will help to attract people (Tang Lu and Hallinger, 2014). Moreover, it accept the changes and challenges by accepting internal and external drivers that are analysed by business organizations that are as defined:

External drivers

Political:

This factor is related to government and political system, which is important to follow by business organizations. Sports Direct which is leading company by accepting the changes and challenges. This can affect business organizations if government of UK has been changed or political system also being changed Then it has to follow new regulations. This impacts on leadership, team and individual, such as changing in political system in Sports direct, It becomes critical for team and leaders to accept this and get ready their employees to complete the task.

Economical:

In case of decreased rate of inflation and interest rates in UK and other countries where Sports Direct wants to establish new market, it is affected positively as sale and productivity of the organization increase. This also helps to increase the brand image and market share of Sports Direct (van der Voet Kuipers and Groeneveld, 2015). This can impact on team, leadership and individuals as all need finance to run their business and compete their goals, which can be fulfilled by focusing on such factor.

Social:

The needs and interests of people are changing, which has affected Sports Direct positively to bring innovation or changes in their organisation according to customer demand and choice. So, business activities of such an organization have increased as it connected with Jack Wills fashion brand. It impacts on team, leadership and individuals, such as management of sports, who directly understand needs of social and leaders motivate people to complete their needs, which impacts positively.

Technological:

The organization should focus on technology and new innovation, which helps to attract customers and promote the products effectively. This factor affected Sports Direct in good way, as demand of its products has increased, which has also increased sale and profitability. This impacts team, individual and leadership as management adopts new technology where leaders provide training and development programs to individual in order to complete their work in effective manner and get them good results.

According to opinion, it has evaluated that external changes in organizations has impacted leadership more on team, which can affect the operation of business organizations. External drivers such as political, social, economicand technological changes cannot be avoided by management, which are uncontrollable. The management of Sports Direct should focus on such changes and need to make right decision which can help to complete the goals. If any changes in economics, politics, societyand technology have arrived, the whole team has to implement new changes which become difficult for them to accept and work well. On the other side, internal changes has impacted individuals; for instance, if transportation and labour cost have increased, then management has to pay more money, which become difficult for the organization and reduces organisational profits. If organizations do not pay employees and not make feel good, they make decision to leave the organization, which affects the working organisation negatively.

P3. Measures Which Can Be Taken for Minimising Negative Affect of Changes Upon Organisational Behaviour

Organisational behaviour is said to include values, culture, preference and beliefs which help to increase organizational productivity and profitability. There are many different types of changes which affect business organizations, whether positively or negatively. Moreover, there are many measures which are taken by Sports Direct in order to minimize the negative effects of changes on business organisation behaviour. For example, Sports Direct is facing different types of problems at the time of making changes and introducing new business after merger with jack Wills. Such organisation uses system theory and Burke-Lincoln model to reduce the negative impact of changes that are, as explained:

System theory:

This is also considered an interdisciplinary system which is used to work systematically and collectively within an organization. This theory is sued by Sports Direct organisation when it is going to bring changes in their process. This theory helps managers accept the changes effectively and respond quickly. This helps to increase the production and selling activities as it adopt proper structure, purpose and nature of business, which improves impacts positively by reducing the negative effect.

Burke-Litwen Model:

To drive the changes effectively, the Burke Litwen model is used by Sports Direct, which helps to give rants as per importance. The following elements are focused by such organizations that are as explained:

External Environment:

It considers competition, legislation, market, and economy that impact individual behaviour, team, and organisation. The focus on Sports Direct is on new markets and legislation in order to expand business by bringing changes, which helps to run a business effectively (Clark et al., 2017).

Mission and Strategy:

The mission and strategy of the respective company is to become a leading international organisation by carting several products and services. So, changes are made by administrators by making strategies properly.

Leadership:

Leaders of Sports Direct organisation are behaving well from its employees and colleagues, which helps to implement the organisational changes effectively and perform business greatly (Courtney et al., 2015).

Organisation Culture:

Task organisational culture is adopted by the organization, which helps to do the things well and create good value for the business firm.

Structure:

It has adopted flat organisational structure which help to improve the relationship between employees, managers and others in order to performing task effectively by accepting changes in organisation (De Vose, C., 2014).

Work Unit Climate:

Sports Direct works collectively with employees and colleagues by changing the process to satisfy employees and make profits collectively.

Task Requirements and Individual Skills:

Administration of Sports Direct brings changes at a higher level in order to expand its business by using individual skills and dividing tasks, which helps to increase the production level (Yoder-Wise, 2014).

Individual Needs and Value:

Herein, chosen organizations focus on individual needs and values by accepting changes, which helps to work effectively and make correct decisions.

Employee Motivation:

This is important for organizations to motivate the people so they can accept the changes effectively by performing business activities. Leader of Sports Direct are motivating employees who helps to accept the changes in order to improve production and profits (Dawson and Andriopoulos, 2014).

From the above discussion, it has explained that Burke model is appropriate model which helps to reduce the negative impacts on business by making strong strategy and plans that complete the target and meet with needs. For example, Sports Direct is facing low productivity problem due to lack of planning. To reduce this impacts, management is using Burke model, which helps to improve the business and accomplish organisational goals effectively.

TASK 3

P4: Description of Barriers to Change and Its Influence Upon the Leadership Decision-Making

Changes are adopted by business organization by making and implementing the changes. Different types of problems are faced by business organization while accepting the changes. Such changes influence leadership decision-making while focusing on changes. For example, Sports Direct is leading organization that accepts the changes in their business process, which helps impact leadership decision-making that is as defined:

Improper Communication:

This consider considered the main barrier while accepting the changes, as Sports direct wants to merge with Jack Will, which is fashion industry, to expand the business. In these process managers, leaders and employees are not able to communicate properly, which impacts badly on business organizations. This company has a flat structure that helps to bring in positive changes. When leaders are unable to communicate any item they decide to change, it can affect the level of employee engagement that will influence the new strategies (Ghavifekr and et al., 2017).

Adverse Behavior of Staff:

If workers do not want to work as a result of transition, it can result in their negative behaviour. It will also affect leadership decision-making because the factors that may motivate the workforce to adopt the new change will allow leaders to alter their decisions. Because of this, it will be very difficult for Sports Direct executives to adopt all the methods that have been developed for business development (Hillson and Murray-Webster, 2017).

Limited Understanding of Change :

This barriers states that when organizations get ready to accept the changes, then employees are not ready because of low understanding. This impacts leadership of the organization negatively as management cannot implement the changes effectively. For instance, Sports Direct is introducing a new process through which customer can order and pay instantly but due to lack of understanding, this change is not accepted by employees, which affects the leadership negatively.

Lack of Management Support for Change :

This means when task and roles are delegated by management to employees, they feel uncomfortable because they do not have management support, which can help them work properly. Due to this, employees cannot work properly and decision about leadership become ineffective.

TASK 4

P5: Different Leadership Styles Which May Contribute to Dealing with Change

It is very important for all organisations to ensure that the organization's members use acceptable leadership styles, as it can help deal with and respond effectively to change. There are different kinds of leaderships that could be used by Sports Direct management to bring themselves to the fashion industry. explanation of certain of them is as follows:

Transformational Leadership

This is new approach which focuses on how leaders and its followers can accept challenges and changes in their organisation and maintain business effectively (Iles, 2017).

Advantages: This type of leaders are more likely to retain their employees for long term as it adopts a charismatic leadership style, which helps to accept changes through entire person.

Disadvantages: It can develop negative results of its employees performance, there must be continuous communication; it requires constant and consistent feedback; its followers need to agree with the team, risks taken through transformational leadership can be disruptive.

Transnational Leadership:

It focuses on performance, conforms to the current organizational structure and calculates progress according to the scheme of incentives and penalties of the company. It includes specifically inspiring and leading followers by appealing to their own self-interest (Wilson, 2014).

Advantages: This allows workers to stay motivated for longer periods of time. And it shows different ways of achieving the company's objectives and defined targets with a simple conceptual image; it's like having blue printing of the organizational structure to achieve goals. And this increases productivity, too so reduces prices ( Scarlett, 2019).

Disadvantages: Often it doesn't have a clear structure, but it also has policies and rules that are resolute. It does not foster workers ' ingenuity, responsibility or insensitivity.

Situational Leadership:

It's concept applies to those leaders who follow different styles of leadership based on this situation and their members level of development. The best-known psychology and HR situation management model is one set up by Paul heresy and ken Blanchard.

Advantages: It acknowledges the need for flexibility; different experiences and perspectives create diversity. This recognizes the need for versatility, generating variety of diverse experiences and perspectives.

Disadvantage: This focuses more on immediate needs than on long-term needs and in task-oriented environments, it can be counterproductive. Defining maturity can be difficult and does not provide sufficient information for some van der leaders (Shore, 2014).

From all the leadership styles mentioned above, Sports Direct leaders should incorporate situational management, as it can help managers change their behaviour according to the circumstances that occur as a result of sudden changes in organizational structure. From all the above-described leadership styles, the leaders in Sports Direct can implement situational leadership, as it can help the managers modify their behaviour according to the situations taking place due to sudden change in organisational design. Addressing all the obstacles that affect the adoption of change and leadership decision-making will be beneficial (Spillane, 2015).

This theory of leadership will also help the organization to implement successfully all the strategies formulated for business development.

Link of Leadership Approaches

From the different leadership approaches, it has defined that transformational leadership is linked with operational and fundamental change where employees accept the changes by facing competitive pressure as result, they can improve the quality and delivery services in context to Sports direct. Under fundamental changes, transformational leadership consider vision and mission, which is required in volatile business environment. With the help of this leadership approach, employees face the problem and run functions effectively, which increases productivity and morale of employees.

On the other side, situational leadership approach is linked with reactive and strategic change, where changes take place in response to event and chains of event. This helps to increase the demand of Sports direct products in changing business situations, which helps to increase business activities. For instance, management of Sports Direct invest more in technology so they can face stiff competition and serious crises, which helps to maintain profits.

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CONCLUSION

From the above project report, it has been concluded that leading change is the knowing and guiding change is the process of assessing whether future decisions are capable of meeting internal stakeholders ' expectations. Various methods and strategies, such as PEST and SWOT analysis, could be used when evaluating the forces that can facilitate or pertain to change in the workplace. There are various obstacles that affect change and decision-making in leadership. There are different types of approaches to leadership, such as transformative, transnational and contextual leadership. One of them, according to their needs and circumstances, could be used by businesses. These are improper contact with workers, their derogatory behaviour, etc.

REFERENCE

Books and journals

• Aguirre, D. and Alpern, M., 2014.10 principles of leading change management. Strategy+ Business.
• Chow, A., 2014. Leading change and the challenges of managing a learning organisation in Hong Kong.Journal of Management Research. 6(2). p. 22.
• Fragouli, E., and Ibidapo, B., 2015. Leading in crisis: Leading organizational change & business development.International Journal of Information, Business, and Management. 7(3). p. 71.
• Fyke, J. P., and Buzzanell, P. M., 2013. The ethics of conscious capitalism: Wicked problems in leading change and changing leaders.Human Relations. 66(12). pp. 1619-1643.
• Goldscheider, F., Bernhardt, E., and Lappegård, T., 2015. The gender revolution: A framework for understanding changing family and demographic behavior.Population and Development Review. 41(2). pp. 207-239.
• Hersted, L., and Gergen, K. J., 2013. Relational leading.Chagrin Falls, Ohio: Taos Institute Publications.
• Iles, V., 2017. Leading and managing change.ABC of Clinical Leadership. 24(1). pp. 49-87.
• Mackey, J. K. et. al., 2015. Leading change with digital technologies in education.
• Tang, S., Lu, J., and Hallinger, P., 2014. Leading school change in China: A review of related literature and preliminary investigation.International Journal of Educational Management. 28(6). pp. 655-775.
• van der Voet, J., Kuipers, B., and Groeneveld, S., 2015. Held back and pushed forward, leading change in a complex public sector environment.Journal of Organizational Change Management. 28(2). pp. 290-300.
• Clark, K. D., and et. al., 2017. Implementation of behavioral health interventions in real-world scenarios: Managing complex change. Families, Systems, & Health. 35(1). p. 36.
• Courtney, M. and et. al., 2015. Leading and managing in nursing practice: concepts, processes, and challenges. Leadership & nursing—contemporary perspectives, pp. 1-20.
• Dawson, P., and Andriopoulos, C., 2014. Managing change, creativity, and innovation. Sage.
• De Vose, C., 2014. Successfully leading needed organization change: Strategies for leading change and managing resistance (Doctoral dissertation, University of Maryland University College).
• Ghavifekr, S., and et. al., 2017. Managing change in educational organizations: a conceptual overview. MOJEM: Malaysian Online Journal of Educational Management. 1(1). pp. 1-13.
• Hillson, D., and Murray-Webster, R., 2017. Understanding and managing risk attitude. Routledge.
• Iles, V., 2017. Leading and managing change. ABC of Clinical Leadership. 24(1). pp. 49-87.
• Scarlett, H., 2019. Neuroscience for organizational change: An evidence-based practical guide to managing change. Kogan Page Publishers.
• Shore, D .A., 2014. Launching and leading change initiatives in health care organizations: managing successful projects (Vol. 213). John Wiley & Sons.
• Spillane, J. P., 2015. Managing instructional quality and leading instructional improvement: Engaging with the essence of school improvement. Australian Educational Leader. 37(1). p.22.
• Wilson, J., 2014. Managing change successfully. Journal of Accountancy. 217(4). p.38.
• Yoder-Wise, P. S., 2014. Leading and managing in nursing-E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences.
• Clark et al. (2017) Courtney et al. (2015) (De Vose, C., 2014)(Dawson and Andriopoulos, 2014)(Ghavifekr and et al., 2017)(Hillson and Murray-Webster, 2017)(Iles, 2017)( Scarlett, 2019)(Shore, 2014)(Spillane, 2015)(Wilson, 2014)(Yoder-Wise, 2014)
• Aguirre, D. and Alpern, M., 2014.Chow, A., 2014. Fragouli, E., and Ibidapo, B., 2015.Fyke, J. P., and Buzzanell, P. M., 2013.Goldscheider, F., Bernhardt, E. and Lappegård, T., 2015. Development Review. 41(2). pp. 207-239.
• Hersted, L. and Gergen, K. J., 2013.Iles, V., 2017Mackey, J. K. et. al., 2015.Tang, S., Lu, J. and Hallinger, P., 2014. van der Voet, J., Kuipers, B. and Groeneveld, S., 2015.

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